In the forming of any group, and by the very nature of
groups, there is always a boundary of some sort between those in the
know and those left to ignorance. Even the most humble of gatherings
exclude some people, whether it be the loud one who will not stop
interrupting everyone else or the whiner that nobody wants to listen
to for a minute, exclusion is the new in.
For the supposedly
universal religion of Christianity, this type of dichotomy would be
preposterous. Are not all people on the earth allowed into the gates
of Heaven? This question is even more puzzling when one sees that
throughout the entire life of Jesus, people were extremely divided on
their association with the Son of Man. Those that were supposed to
have been 'close' to God, were furthest from Jesus, and those
unfortunate enough to be spat on by society were given extreme
attention by God Incarnate.

This division of spirituality was not
always clear and distinct. Fuzzy lines existed in the sand of Jesus
time, and even today, Christians disagree with other Christians over
who is really following Christ. The point of the matter is that the
people in Jesus' life, in view of Mark, were separated by his
presence into camps of insiders and outsiders, with some stragglers
in between, showing two different themes: the Gospel has very
different receptions depending on the nature of the soil and the
tension between these groups drove Jesus to the very pinnacle of his
life.
The beginning of Mark showcases the center stage of Jesus
making his appearance in the world. The first key player is John the
Baptist, who seems to be a complete insider, and yet, from other
sources, seems to waver in his faith while in prison, going so far as
to question whether Jesus was the Messiah they were all hoping for to
rescue them. Jesus responds to this with Scripture that details the
life of the Messiah, and Jesus tells the messenger's of John to
report that God's word is being fulfilled among them even now.
The
next show of contenders revolves around the Devil tempting Jesus in
the wilderness. From the worldly, material viewpoint, Satan wants
Jesus to cave into carnal needs, while Jesus views the goals of
heaven and the spiritual realm as higher and to be upheld against
lower needs. Jesus represents inside knowledge of the Kingdom
of Heaven, while Satan, once an insider, chose to become an
outsider.
The gathering together of Jesus insiders occurs when
Jesus calls Simon, Andrew, James and John to leave their livelihoods.
The key word is that they immediately drop all matters of earthly
concern and follow after the leader of spiritual wisdom. A true
calling from the Kingdom of God is evident in how ready the men are
to become disciples.
Another showing of comparison between in and
out is when a demon possessed man enters into a public area where
Jesus had been teaching with authority, that had been amazing the
people. Even when the people did not fully understand Jesus, the
demon was out and about ready to say the truth of Jesus, but Jesus
forbid him, for His time was not yet come.
The next incident has
to do with an inbetween person. Simon´s mother-in-law is sick with a
fever and Jesus heals her, but the reader does not know for sure if
the mother is in the know or left out in the cold.
All to him
lonesome self praying, Jesus is found and surrounded by people who
want his attention. While Jesus is spending time alone on the inside
with the Father, the people are worried about natural problems
instead of higher spiritual yearnings.
The next scene involves the
healing of a leper by Jesus. While the Son of Man told the once-leper
to be quiet about his miracle and only go to the temple to show
himself clean before God, the man blows steam all over the place and
everyone finds out and Jesus has to leave the area.
The next feud
takes place over the healing of a paralytic. Jesus heals the man by
saying ¨Your sins are forgiven.¨ At this, the teachers of the law
exclaim that Jesus is blaspheming because only God has the ability to
forgive sins. Jesus replies with the question of which is either to
say: ¨Your sins are forgiven, or get up, take your mat, and walk.¨”
This division between those that claim to speak for God and the one
who is actually God speaking is quite striking.
The next series
involves a discussion of who Jesus eats with and why. The main
character, other than Jesus, is Levi, a tax collector who has been
called to be a follower of Jesus. In the time of Jesus, tax
collectors, along with prostitutes, the sick, and homeless, were
thought of as lowly and sinners, not deserving of relating to the
righteous. Jesus stirs the kettle by associating with those that
religious society deems unworthy of attention. Jesus replies with his
usual wit to some of the outsider Pharisees. ¨It is not the healthy
who need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the
righteous, but sinners¨(Mark 2:17)
A sequential occurrence takes
place when Jesus heals a man on the Sabbath, causing the animosity
of some of the religious leaders. These uppity gurus complain
that the violation of working on the Sabbath is not to be broken,
even at the cost of restoring life. Jesus comments elsewhere that man
was not made for the Sabbath, but the Sabbath made for man to rest
and rejuvenate, and worship God, and care for neighbors and
enemies.
Another intriguing happening takes place when Jesus and
his followers are all crowded into a room to the point where Jesus is
not able to eat. Jesus' biological family thinks Jesus must be ¨out
of his mind¨(Mark 3:21). This lack of understanding on the part of
his earth family, the straggling outsiders, foreshadows a later
saying of Jesus. He declares that in contrast to blood ties, ¨whoever
does God´s will is my brother and sister and mother¨(Mark
3:35).
One of the defining parables of the whole book of Mark is
the parable of the Sower and the Seed. This all inclusive symbolism
sheds light on the ins and outs of the kingdom, literally. Sparing
the well known details, most of the characters throughout the rest of
the Gospel can be interpreted in some way through the lens of this
story. In order to more easily fit people into this complex
narrative, a continuum of ´in the Kingdom´ or ´out of the Kingdom´
is used, along with the category of fence-sitter or straggler.
In
respect to space, an exponential amount of intruders and associates
are seen throughout the middle part of Mark.
In brief:
The demon
Legion is sent into a herd of pigs, causing the town people to decry
Jesus because, thinking more of their spiritual welfare, Jesus did
not over worry at their ruined physical livelihood.
Jesus also
finds that the people in his hometown of Nazareth have weak faith.
Even though they see the power of his authority, they complain that
this man can be know greater than us because we know his mother and
carpenter father, whereas one of true power is just supposed to
appear out of nowhere.
An infamous outsider is King Herod, who
goes against common sense and gives into his oath of giving the
daughter of Herodias John the Baptist´s head on a platter, instead
of saving life and going back on his word, as Jesus would have called
an insider to do.
In chapter seven, Jesus also calls out many
leaders for following the vain traditions of men, keeping the outside
of things clean, while neglecting inner purity.
After the breaking
of the bread to feed the multitudes, Jesus warns the disciples to
stay away from the yeast of the Pharisees and that of Herod. Failing
to be in the inside and in the know, the disciples are confused as to
what this means and discuss the subject among themselves. Jesus is
even more frustrated that after he explains a bit more, they still do
not understand.
A key moment of pride for the Apostle Peter is
when Jesus asks him who He is and Peter correctly answers, ¨the
Christ¨(Mark 8:29). This shows the implantation of divine wisdom
into a genuine insider.
In line with the strength of the insiders,
Jesus reveals himself more fully in a Transfiguration to Peter,
James, and John.
But soon the Apostles fail Jesus when they later
argue about who is going to be greatest in the Kingdom of God. Jesus
kindly rebukes that one must be like a pure insider, like a child, to
enter most fully into God´s favor. Welcoming a child in Jesus name
is one major key.
The Apostles again goof up and become closer to
outsiders because they think they are the only people allowed to be
in the real in. There is another man driving out demon´s in Jesus
name, and the Apostles were jealous. Jesus reminds them that the
Kingdom of God is larger than what man conceives.
Another sticking
point revolved around the laws of marriage. Some of the Pharisees
wanted to be able to divorce their ´unpleasing´ wives by twisting
the Scripture. Jesus elaborates that it was only because of the
hardness of your ancestors´ hearts that Moses permitted divorce.
This division continues on about many different topics.
The
denying of Christ three times by Peter is a sad, but humble reminder
to all Christians about how easy it is to fall out of being on the
inside.
The pinnacle of the Crucifixion story presents strikingly
obvious signs of who is on what side along with less obvious asides,
such as different guards seeing Jesus as Divine or Pontus Pilate
´washing´ the blood from his hands.
A wrap up of themes is well
left in the hands of experts. Scholar Stephen Harris said,
¨From
his mother and brothers to his most intimate followers, Mark portrays
all of Jesus´ companions as oblivious to his real nature and/or the
obstacles to his work. Mark´s Gospel consistently renders all of
Jesus´ Palestinian associates as incredibly obtuse, unable to grasp
his teachings, and blind to his value¨(Harris 129).
Since
this seems true, how much more so does Jesus get frustrated with
those that are clearly against Him. Mark shows that even those that
were supposed to be on the inside, were often confused and left out
in the dark.
Theologian R.T. France confirms this major thread of
insider and outsider by citing a certain story as a general example
of the whole Gospel.
He said,
Mark has told us of the enthusiastic
and widespread popular response, and of the large crowds following
Jesus, but he has also taken care to chart the beginning of suspicion
and outright opposition, culminating in a decision to get rid of
him¨(France 156).
The major question remaining is where one
should stand in relation to Jesus. Being outside of his reach does
not seem safe, but being within his grasp leads to radical living for
which one must be prepared to be split from even one´s family.
Inside or outside?